There have arrived surprisingly strange on them most that the extreme group Boko Haram, which suggests that ein quite confused gang, now seems to have established itself as ein power factor over a broader area in Northeast Nigeria. But this hosepipes are entering a long tradition of Islamic movements in this area, and we must understand history deira in light of this tradition.
Islam came to the region around Lake Chad everything a thousand years ago. In the first period was the most kings and aristocrats dei large rika there who repent, but from 1500 century also had large parts of people become Muslims. True enough, it was Islam with a large element of pre-Islamic magic and rituals, and 1800 occurred an Islamic reform movement in pages under theologian Uthman dan Fodio (died 1817) who wanted ein practices more in line with the text.
Dei water fast forward, and collected large portion of area in a sultanates, Sokoto Empire, which ruled the 1800 century and also fanned Islam farther south to what is now Nigeria.
British colony
If so, then British took the area in 1903, did they are not major changes in governance. What was now EiT aristocracy in Sokoto and Emirates under them, and also in neighboring kingdom Bornu in Nordaust, lasted traditional ruler addicts goes further under British control.
Brit beat the Muslim north together with it before -islamske and åndetru but after fourth Christian south, adds a colony, Nigeria. But they built their board most the developed statsstrukturane in the north.
Under British rule Wash it off ein prosperous Muslim middle class, and in the first period after cause independent in 1960 there were Muslims in the north dominated Nigeria. But after quarter moved the economic and political center of gravity towards the sørlege Nigeria.
Bokstavtru Yan Izale
That led to new powers challenged the religious power of the traditional Muslim elite. In 1978 lasted hosepipes Yan Izale Danna by someone known religious scholar, Abubakar Gumi. Dei responded that Muslims lost power to the Christian south, but also itself requires reform of Islam more in line with the text words.
especially criticized dei dei people Sufi movements, which also predominated among dei traditional. Deira weekend cultivation was superstition, said Izale people.
Yan Izale was still primarily political. Gumi argued for example strongly to Muslim women out and polls to strengthen Muslims in rivalry to the south. Hosepipes had quite large oppslutnad, especially in students and members of a middle class fekk deteriorating living conditions. But Gumi lasted for one quarter criticized for standing too close to the Muslim military elite, and the swaggering out more radical student groups who supported Khomeini board in Iran ( Yan Shia ).
Magi and insurgencies: Maitatsine
Yan Izale lasted also weaken that so consistently time occurred a far more radical choosen around a wandering tiggarmunk, Muhammad Marwa. He had something religious training, but unite around him Arbeidslause, poor youths by attacking dei kingdom dei prosperous Muslims in towns of that copied the corrupt lifestyle of the West.
“God condemn dive” he said to all, and lasted known as Meistaren in condemnation, May tatsine . Message of her husband was radical: wristwatches, bilar, bicycles, buttons, everything was westerly and sin, those who used such was vantru.
He was not so bokstavtru Yan Izale, contrary he used both magic and changed Muslim bodord after Eige desire. His people should pray to the north and not towards Mecca. Hosepipes his led to major riots against dei rich both in home province his Bornu, but also in more prosperous Settlements as Kano. It was time EiT poverty rebellion and government fekk say part of the shoulder that it quickly got out of control, by allowing them struck down unnecessarily hard on all protest.
Around 5000 lost their lives. Maitatsine lasted kill in 1980, and after that døydde hosepipes, but it occurred several equivalent rebellion beyond the 1980s, with huge loss of life.
Boko Haram, the first version
Ten years later collected many in Bornu around the self-taught Salafist Muhammad Yusuf. Hosepipes his is similar much on Maitatsine uprising, not least in that it has the same social background in poor youths in towns of which subsisted during religious alms. Yusuf agitated in the same way against dei kingdom that had been west doctor, but was not so radical anti-modernists who Maitatsine.
Bilar and mobile phones, yes, technology in the total, was okay – it was westerly science that contradicted Quranic letter (that rain core of vaporization) which was wrong.
Dei surnamed himself Order of for Pulpit and jihad, colloquially lasted ho nedsetjande heit duck boko haram . Boko is the English book, and it is thus west medical books to be haram, forbidden. Yusuf said the Muslim community was corrupt and had reinskas by jihad .
Having collected support by conducting welfare between poor and agitate for reindeer Islamic practice, started him in 2009 action against police. Dei hit as hard back now as in 1980 and in extensive struggles lasted 700, among them Muhammad Yusuf, drepne. A hard utreinsking been followed, and they most Meinte that the group was gone with it.
Boko Haram Going back
Instead, it turned out that several had redda in exile, many also probably to neighboring Cameroon. Under leadership of Yusuf’s second commanding rande, Abubakar Shekau, came the back two years and started taking disability for killing Yusuf and prosecution afterwards. Dei angreip not just the police, but also banks, schools, university, and not least church for the Christian minority in the north.
Meir and more black also civilian targets frame, clearly seen to create chaos and fear. Not long after started in their first halshoggingane, first as part of internal finality, and the group lasted more and more beat.
In the past year, as the group managed to establish themselves and take control of or have’s influence in quite large area in Northeast Nigeria, using extreme brutality – as in abduction of school girls. Dei has been derided as would bandar. But they are also members of a tradition of conservative salafistisk, Islam. Dei attacking Christians who have moved into from Southern Nigeria, but most important goal deira Muslims who practice ein for liberal Islam, and especially the vantru state.
Criticism of federal state is ein tradition back to Yan Izala- reformists. But while they first want’s influence, nectar Boko Haram to recognize the state and will have s native caliphate. Socially, they, more associate Maitatsine tradition of rebellion from marginal youths with greater or lesser Islamic education groups at not being fewer.
Måndag 23 February organizes BT Commons debate on Boko Haram House of Literature in Bergen at. 19:00.
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